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The Charangas de Bejucal, the oldest of Havana's traditional festivals, takes place at the end of every year in the small Havana provincial town of Bejucal. It consists in a performance from “Los Tambores de Bejucal” (a typical Cuban percussion band of high International prestige), and festivities that involve the traditional rivalry between two conga groups: the Ceibistas –members of the Ceiba de Plata group, characterized by the color blue with a symbol of a scorpion–, and the Espinistas –members of the Espina de Oro, dressed in red and with a rooster as their symbol. They compete to play the loudest drums and to construct the most impressive float.
The festivities include typical food, such as “pan con lechón” (roast pork sandwich), popcorn, “churros” (strips of fried sweet dough), and cotton candy.
The first Charangas dates from 1830. At the beginning they had a religious character, celebrated around a mass. They were held on December 24, a date that reminds us of the moment when the slaves were freed and, subsequently, joined the free blacks and the “Creoles” (descendants from white European colonial settlers) in the “cabildos” (African ethnic associations). Once the mass was over, the black Africans devoted themselves to worshipping the “Orishas” (African deities), playing their drums, and dancing along the main streets in Bejucal. Their rituals had the special characteristics from the ethnic group they originated from (“Congos”, “Carabalíes”, “Arará”, “Mandigas”, or “Lucimíes”). All of them had different spiritual traditions, and formed their own “cabildos.” Later, rivalries formed among the “cabildos” to show their cultural pride on Christmas Eve, generating the festivities.
Spaniards and Creoles never opposed this celebration, although they nicknamed the group of black and mixed people “Musicanga” (poor music) and formed their own group called the “Malayos” (red roosters). Along with their name of “Musicanga”, the blacks adopted the blue color and the scorpion as their animal. On the other hand, the Malayos chose the red color and the rooster as their favorite bird.
Over time, thanks to the fusion of cultures that characterizes Cuban identity, racial and class differences were lost. Belonging to one or the other side was simply determined by each person’s preference. So by the early 20th century, the rival groups renamed themselves: The “Musicanga” were called Ceiba de Plata (the Silver Silk-cotton Tree); and the “Malayos”, the Espina de Oro (The Golden Thorn).
The Charangas, together with the Carnival of Santiago de Cuba and the Parrandas of Remedio, are three of the festivities with the deepest roots in the Cuban culture. Certainly not to be missed out!
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This short 1-minute video made especially for advanced Spanish students can help you get more familiar with the Cuban Spanish accent.